Which of the following statements describes characteristics of the X-ray spectrum?

The correct answer highlights that the X-ray spectrum consists of a continuous range of frequencies, which arises from the interactions of high-energy electrons when they are decelerated or when they collide with target atoms. This continuous emission results from a variety of interactions, such as Bremsstrahlung radiation, where fast-moving electrons are deflected by the nuclear electric field of the target atoms. This deflection causes them to lose energy, emitting X-rays across a range of wavelengths or frequencies, rather than at discrete levels.

In addition to the continuous spectrum produced by these collisions, characteristic X-rays can also be emitted, which appear as distinct peaks on the spectrum chart. However, the presence of these peaks does not negate the continuous spectrum; both features coexist in the overall X-ray emission, reflecting the complexity of the processes involved.

Thus, the correct reasoning demonstrates an understanding of how X-ray production leads to a rich variety of frequencies due to the wide range of electron interactions within the material.