What is the main function of equatorial orbits?

The main function of equatorial orbits is indeed to observe tropical weather patterns. Satellites in these orbits maintain a fixed position relative to the Earth's rotation, allowing them to continuously monitor and collect data over the same geographic area. This is particularly advantageous for tracking weather systems, such as tropical storms and hurricanes, which typically originate in equatorial regions.

Equatorial orbits provide an unobstructed view of the Earth’s equator, maximizing the satellite’s ability to gather data about the dynamics of weather patterns in tropical zones. Furthermore, this type of orbit allows for consistent and repetitive coverage, making it ideal for meteorological observations that require monitoring changes over time.

The other options, such as observing polar ice caps or conducting scientific research in polar regions, are better suited for polar orbits rather than equatorial ones. GPS systems utilize multiple satellites in different types of orbits to achieve global coverage; while equatorial satellites contribute to this system, they do not enhance GPS accuracy specifically. Thus, the primary function aligns with observing tropical weather patterns.