What does "in phase" mean in terms of wave behavior?

"In phase" refers to a specific relationship between the cycles of two or more waves. When waves are described as being "in phase," it means that their peaks (maximum points) and troughs (minimum points) align perfectly with each other at the same time and position in space. This synchronized behavior allows for constructive interference, where the waves combine to produce a wave with a greater amplitude.

In contrast, if peaks occur at different times, that condition does not represent being in phase. Additionally, if waves cancel each other out, they would be considered out of phase or anti-phase, where the peak of one wave aligns with the trough of another, leading to destructive interference. Random oscillation of waves does not create a coherent phase relationship, meaning "in phase" would not apply in that case. Thus, the definition of being in phase affirms that peaks and troughs occur simultaneously and at the same location, leading to a reinforced wave pattern.