What does a transformer do regarding current?

A transformer is a device primarily designed to adjust voltage levels in an alternating current (AC) circuit while maintaining the power flowing through the circuit. The principle behind a transformer is based on electromagnetic induction, where a change in the current in one coil (the primary winding) induces a current in another coil (the secondary winding). This ability to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage is crucial in power transmission.

When voltage is adjusted by the transformer, the current is affected inversely in accordance with the principle of conservation of energy (neglecting losses). So, if voltage is increased, the current must decrease to maintain the overall power (Power = Voltage x Current). Similarly, if voltage is decreased, the current increases correspondingly. This relationship ensures that power remains constant, which is why the answer correctly highlights the transformer's role in voltage adjustment while maintaining power levels.

Understanding this concept is vital in applications ranging from power generation and distribution to everyday electronic devices, as transformers enable efficient power management across various systems.